The vertical drop jump Is a poor screening test for ACL injuries in female elite soccer and handball players: a prospective cohort study of 710 athletes
Krosshaug, Tron; Steffen, Kathrin; Kristianslund, Eirik; Nilstad, Agnethe; Mok, Kam-Ming; Myklebust, Grethe; Andersen, Thor Einar; Holme, Ingar Morten K.; Engebretsen, Lars; Bahr, Roald
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Permanent lenke
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2394616Utgivelsesdato
2016-04Metadata
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Sammendrag
Background: The evidence linking knee kinematics and kinetics during a vertical drop jump (VDJ) to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk is restricted to a single small sample. Still, the VDJ test continues to be advocated for clinical screening purposes.
Purpose: To test whether 5 selected kinematic and kinetic variables were associated with future ACL injuries in a large cohort of Norwegian female elite soccer and handball players. Furthermore, the authors wanted to assess whether the VDJ test can be recommended as a screening test to identify players with increased risk.
Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods: Elite female soccer and handball players participated in preseason screening tests from 2007 through 2014. The tests included marker-based 3-dimensional motion analysis of a drop-jump landing. The authors followed a predefined statistical protocol in which they included the following candidate risk factors in 5 separate logistic regression analyses, with new ACL injury as the outcome: (1) knee valgus angle at initial contact, (2) peak knee abduction moment, (3) peak knee flexion angle, (4) peak vertical ground-reaction force, and (5) medial knee displacement.
Results: A total of 782 players were tested (age, 21 ± 4 years; height, 170 ± 7 cm; body mass, 67 ± 8 kg), of which 710 were included in the analyses. The authors registered 42 new noncontact ACL injuries, including 12 in previously ACL-injured players. Previous ACL injury (relative risk, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1-7.1) and medial knee displacement (odds ratio, 1.40; 1.12-1.74 per 1-SD change) were associated with increased risk for injury. However, there was an association with medial knee displacement among the 643 players with no history of previous injury. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of medial knee displacement showed an area under the curve of 0.6, indicating a poor-to-failed combined sensitivity and specificity of the test, even when including previously injured players.
Conclusion: Of the 5 risk factors considered, medial knee displacement was the only factor associated with increased risk for ACL. However, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a poor combined sensitivity and specificity when medial knee displacement was used as a screening test for predicting ACL injury. For players with no previous injury, none of the VDJ variables were associated with increased injury risk.
Clinical Relevance: VDJ tests cannot predict ACL injuries in female elite soccer and handball players.
Beskrivelse
Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.sage.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546515625048 / This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at www.sage.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546515625048