The effect of self-modeling and self-selected music on efficacy beliefs

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of two self-modeling procedures, one with selfselected music and one without, on self-efficacy (SE) and collective efficacy (CE). The study had an RCT design with two intervention groups and one control group. The procedures were conducted in a jr. elite soccer team (n= 22). It was hypothesized that both procedures would enhance SE and CE and increase the correlations between the constructs. Further it was hypothesized that the combination of self-modeling and selfselected music would be a more potent efficacy source than self-modeling solely. Results suggest, as according to the hypothesis, that self-modeling accompanied by self-selected music can enhance SE. The results also suggest that such a modeling procedure might enhance CE. Counter to the hypothesis, self-modeling alone does not in this study seem to effect neither SE nor CE. An explanation to these results is that the music might act as an attention aid, focusing the observer’s attention towards the modelled behaviour, and or it might function as a retention trigger, there is also the possibility that the music solely has effected SE and CE.