• 2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) 

      Mountjoy, Margo; Ackerman, Kathryn E.; Bailey, David M.; Burke, Louise M.; Constantini, Naama; Hackney, Anthony C.; Heikura, Ida A.; Melin, Anna; Pensgaard, Anne Marte; Stellingwerff, Trent; Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn; Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Jacobsen, Astrid Uhrenholdt; Verhagen, Evert ALM; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars; Erdener, Uğur (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International Olympic Committee’s expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and performance outcomes experienced by ...
    • How do the new Olympic sports compare with the traditional Olympic sports? Injury and illness at the 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina 

      Steffen, Kathrin; Soligard, Torbjørn; Mountjoy, Margo; Dallo, Ignacio; Gessara, Alan Maximiliano; Giuria, Hernan; Alamino, Leonel Perez; Rodriguez, Joaquin; Salmina, Natalia; Veloz, Daniel; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Objective: To describe injuries and illnesses across traditional and new sports among the participating athletes of the Buenos Aires 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games (BA YOG) (6–18 October 2018). Methods: We recorded the ...
    • How much is too much? (Part 1): International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury 

      Solligard, Torbjørn; Schwellnus, Martin; Alonso, Juan-Manuel; Bahr, Roald; Clarsen, Benjamin Matthew; Djikstra, H Paul; Gabbett, Tim; Gleeson, Michael; Hägglund, Martin; Hutchinson, Mark R.; van Rensburg, Christa Janse; Khan, Karim M.; Meeusen, Romain; Orchard, John W.; Pluim, Babette M.; Raftery, Martin; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-07-05)
      Athletes participating in elite sports are exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendars. Emerging evidence indicates that poor load management is a major risk factor for injury. The ...
    • How much is too much? (Part 2): International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness 

      Schwellnus, Martin; Soligard, Torbjørn; Alonso, Juan-Manuel; Bahr, Roald; Clarsen, Benjamin Matthew; Djikstra, H Paul; Gabett, Tim J.; Gleeson, Michael; Hägglund, Martin; Hutchinson, Mark R.; Rensburg, Christa Janse Van; Meeusen, Romain; Orchard, John W.; Pluim, Babette M.; Raftery, Martin; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-07-03)
      The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate load management is a significant risk ...
    • Imaging at London 2012 summer Olympic Games: Analysis of demand and distribution of workload 

      Bethapudi, Sarath; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars; O'Connor, Philip (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-07-23)
      Background: Very little data on the provision of imaging services at the summer Olympic Games have been published before. With 7.9 million Euros (£6.6 million, US$11 million) invested into setting up the imaging equipment ...
    • Imaging of plantar fascia and Achilles injuries undertaken at the London 2012 Olympics 

      Elias, David A.; Carne, Andrew; Bethapudi, Sarath; Engebretsen, Lars; Budgett, Richard; O'Conor, Philip (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-08-01)
      Plantar fascia and distal Achilles injuries are common in elite athletes. Acute athletic injuries of the plantar fascia include acute plantar fasciopathy and partial or complete tears. Underlying most acute injuries is a ...
    • International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus paper on sports-related ophthalmology issues in elite sports 

      Moe, Morten Carstens; Özmert, Emin; Baudouin, Christophe; Binadra, Abhinav; Crafoord, Sven; Jo, Young; Kiratli, Hayyam; Moore, Melita; Pitsiladis, Yannis P.; Rolle, Udo; Tan, Ben; Yanik, Özge; Budgett, Richard; Erdener, Ugur; Steffen, Kathrin; Engebretsen, Lars (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Vision plays an important role in an athletes’ success. In sports, nearly 80% of perceptual input is visual, and eye health and sports medicine are closely intertwined fields of utmost importance to athletes. The physical ...
    • International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)) 

      Bahr, Roald; Clarsen, Benjamin Matthew; Derman, Wayne; Dvorak, Jiří; Emery, Carolyn A.; Finch, Caroline F.; Hägglund, Martin; Junge, Astrid; Kemp, Simon; Khan, Karim; Marshall, Stephen W.; Meeuwisse, Willem; Margo, Mountjoy; Orchard, John W.; Pluim, Babette M.; Quarrie, Kenneth L.; Reider, Bruce; Schwellnus, Martin; Soligard, Torbjørn; Stokes, Keith; Timpka, Toomas; Verhagen, Evert; Bindra, Abhinav; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars; Erdener, Uğur; Chamari, Karim (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to ...
    • Olympic Games during nationwide lockdown: Sports injuries and illnesses, including COVID-19, at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics 

      Soligard, Torbjørn; Palmer, Debbie; Steffen, Kathrin; Lopes, Alexandre Dias; Grek, Natalia; He, Xuan; Wang, Yan; Grant, Marie-Elaine; Toresdahl, Brett G; Gilgien, Matthias; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the Beijing Winter Olympic Games from 4 February 2022 to 20 February 2022. Methods: We recorded the daily number ...
    • Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: A cross-sectional study 

      Needleman, Ian; Ashley, Paul; Petrie, Aviva; Fortune, Farida; Turner, Wendy; Jones, Janelle; Niggli, Jason; Engebretsen, Lars; Budgett, Richard; Donos, Nikolaos; Clough, Tony; Porter, Stephen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-09-24)
      Background: Oral health is important both for well-being and successful elite sporting performance. Reports from Olympic Games have found significant treatment needs; however, few studies have examined oral health directly. ...
    • Prevalence of and factors associated with osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians compared with the general population: part 2 - the spine and upper limb 

      Palmer, Debbie; Cooper, Dale; Whittaker, Jackie L.; Emery, Carolyn; Batt, Mark E; Engebretsen, Lars; Schamasch, Patrick; Shroff, Malav; Soligard, Torbjørn; Steffen, Kathrin; Budgett, Richard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence of spine and upper limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; (2) identify risk factors associated with their occurrence and (3) compare with a sample of the general ...
    • Prevalence of and factors associated with osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians, with comparison to the general population: part 1 - the lower limb 

      Palmer, Debbie; Cooper, Dale; Whittaker, Jackie L.; Emery, Carolyn; Batt, Mark E; Engebretsen, Lars; Schamasch, Patrick; Shroff, Malav; Soligard, Torbjørn; Steffen, Kathrin; Budgett, Richard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Objectives: This study aims (1) to determine the prevalence of lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; (2) to identify factors associated with their occurrence and (3) to compare with a sample of the ...
    • Prevention and management of non-communicable disease: The IOC consensus statement, Lausanne 2013 

      Matheson, Gordon; Klügl, Martin; Engebretsen, Lars; Bendiksen, Fredrik; Blair, Steven N.; Börjesson, Mats; Budgett, Richard; Derman, Wayne; Erdener, Ugur; Ioannidis, John P. A.; Khan, Karim M.; Martinez, Rodrigo; van Mechelen, Willem; Mountjoy, Margo; Sallis, Robert E.; Schwellnus, Martin; Shultz, Rebecca; Soligard, Torbjørn; Steffen, Kathrin; Sundberg, Carl Johan; Weiler, Richard; Ljungqvist, Arne (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-11)
      Morbidity and mortality from preventable, non-communicable chronic disease (NCD) threatens the health of our populations and our economies. The accumulation of vast amounts of scientific knowledge has done little to change ...
    • Self-reported sports injuries and later-life health status in 3357 retired Olympians from 131 countries: A cross-sectional survey among those competing in the games between London 1948 and PyeongChang 2018 

      Palmer, Debbie; Cooper, Dale J.; Emery, Carolyn; Batt, Mark E.; Engebretsen, Lars; Scammell, Brigitte E.; Schamasch, Patrick; Shroff, Malav; Soligard, Torbjørn; Steffen, Kathrin; Whittaker, Jackie L.; Budgett, Richard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Objective: Describe the self-reported prevalence and nature of Olympic-career injury and general health and current residual symptoms in a self-selected sample of retired Olympians. Methods: 3357 retired Olympians from ...
    • Sports injuries and illnesses in the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games 

      Soligard, Torbjørn; Steffen, Kathrin; Palmer-Green, Debbie; Aubry, Mark; Grant, Marie-Elaine; Meeuwisse, Willem; Mountjoy, Margo; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-01-28)
      Background: Systematic surveillance of injuries and illnesses is the foundation for developing preventive measures in sport. Aim: To analyse the injuries and illnesses that occurred during the XXII Olympic Winter Games, ...
    • Sports Injuries at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics: Use of Diagnostic Imaging Services 

      Guermazi, Ali; Hayashi, Daichi; Jarraya, Mohamed; Crema, Michel D.; Bahr, Roald; Roemer, Frank W.; Grangeiro, Joao; Budgett, Richard; Soligard, Torbjørn; Domingues, Romulo; Skaf, Abdalla; Engebretsen, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Purpose: To describe the occurrence of imaging-depicted sports-related stress injuries, fractures, and muscle and tendon disorders during the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Materials and Methods: Data ...
    • Sports injury and illness incidence in the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games: a prospective study of 2914 athletes from 92 countries 

      Soligard, Torbjørn; Palmer, Debbie; Steffen, Kathrin; Lopes, Alexandre Dias; Grant, Marie-Elaine; Kim, DooSup; Lee, Sae Young; Salmina, Natalia; Toresdahl, Brett G; Chang, Joon Young; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Objective To describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIII Olympic Winter Games, hosted by PyeongChang on 9–25 February 2018.MethodsWe recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses ...
    • Sports injury and illness incidence in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Summer Games: A prospective study of 11274 athletes from 207 countries 

      Soligard, Torbjørn; Steffen, Kathrin; Palmer, Debbie; Alonso, Juan Manuel; Bahr, Roald; Lopes, Alexandre Dias; Dvořák, Jiří A.; Grant, Marie-Elaine; Meeuwisse, Willem; Mountjoy, Margo; Pena Costa, Leonardo Oliveira; Salmina, Natalia; Budgett, Richard; Engebretsen, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      Objective: To describe the pattern of injuries and illnesses sustained during the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, hosted by Rio de Janeiro from 5 to 21 August 2016. Methods: We recorded the daily incidence of athlete injuries ...
    • The London 2012 Summer Olympic Games: An analysis of usage of the Olympic Village ‘Polyclinic’ by competing athletes 

      Vanhegan, Ivor S.; Palmer-Green, Debbie; Soligard, Torbjørn; Steffen, Kathrin; O'Connor, Philip; Bethapudi, Sarath; Budgett, Richard; Haddad, Fares S.; Engebretsen, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-03-06)
      The London 2012 Summer Olympic Games involved 10 568 elite athletes representing 204 competing nations. To manage the varied healthcare needs of this diverse population, a Polyclinic was constructed in the athletes’ village. ...