Do minor head impacts in soccer cause concussive injury? : a prospective case-control study
Straume-Næsheim, Truls Martin; Andersen, Thor Einar; Holme, Ingar Morten K.; McIntosh, Andrew; Dvorak, Jiri; Bahr, Roald
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Date
2009-04Metadata
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Original version
Neurosurgery. 2009, 64(4), 719-725Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether minor head trauma in elite soccer
matches causes measurable impairment in brain function.
METHODS: Baseline neuropsychological testing was completed by professional soccer
players in the Norwegian elite league, Tippeligaen, before the 2004 and 2005 seasons
(n 462). A player who experienced a head impact during a league match completed
a follow- up test the next day (head impact group). Videotapes of all impacts were
collected and reviewed. A group of players without head impacts was also tested after
a league match to serve as controls (matched control group; n 47).
RESULTS: A total of 228 impacts were identified, and 44 (19.3%) of these were followed
up with a CogSport test (CogState, Ltd., Charlton South, Australia; the players
who were tested tended to have more severe injuries, but there were only 6 cases with
loss of consciousness). The head impact group had a greater change in reaction time from
baseline to follow- up compared with the matched control group with regard to the 3
simplest tasks. The largest deficits were seen among the players reporting acute symptoms
after the impact, but deficits were also demonstrated among asymptomatic players.
Players who experienced 1 or more head impacts during the 2004 season showed
a reduction in neuropsychological performance when tested before the 2005 season.
However, none of these players was impaired when compared with the test manufacturer’s
normative data.
CONCLUSION: A reduced neuropsychological performance was found after minor
head impacts in soccer, even in allegedly asymptomatic players. However, the longterm
cognitive consequences are uncertain.
Description
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