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dc.contributor.authorKoivisto-Mørk, Anu
dc.contributor.authorPaur, Ingvild
dc.contributor.authorPaulsen, Gøran
dc.contributor.authorGarthe, Ina
dc.contributor.authorRaastad, Truls
dc.contributor.authorBastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah
dc.contributor.authorBlomhoff, Rune
dc.contributor.authorBøhn, Siv Kjølsrud
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-02T08:25:52Z
dc.date.available2021-02-02T08:25:52Z
dc.date.created2020-10-13T12:48:35Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2020, 2, Artikkel 106.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2624-9367
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2725708
dc.descriptionThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Altitude training stresses several physiological and metabolic processes and alters the dietary needs of the athletes. International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Nutrition Expert Group suggests that athletes should increase intake of energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich foods while training at altitude. Objective: We investigated whether athletes adjust their dietary intake according to the IOC's altitude-specific dietary recommendations, and whether an in-between meal intervention with antioxidant-rich foods altered the athletes' dietary composition and nutrition-related blood parameters (mineral, vitamin, carotenoid, and hormone concentrations). Design: The dietary adjustments to altitude training (3 weeks at 2,320 m) were determined for 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years, 23 males, 8 females) by six interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls on non-consecutive days; three before and during the altitude camp. The additional effect of in -between meal intervention with eucaloric antioxidant-rich or control snacks (1,000 kcal/day) was tested in a randomized controlled trial with parallel design. Results: At altitude the athletes increased their energy intake by 35% (1,430 ± 630 kcal/day, p < 0.001), the provided snacks accounting for 70% of this increase. Carbohydrate intake increased from 6.5 ± 1.8 g/kg body weight (BW) (50 E%) to 9.3 ± 2.1 g/kg BW (53 E%) (p < 0.001), with no difference between the antioxidant and control group. Dietary iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake increased by 37, 38, and 104%, respectively, in the whole cohort. The intervention group had larger increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ω3 PUFA (n-3 fatty acids), ω6 PUFA (n-6 fatty acids), fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and copper intake, while protein intake increased more among the controls, reflecting the nutritional content of the snacks. Changes in the measured blood minerals, vitamins, and hormones were not differentially affected by the intervention except for the carotenoid; zeaxanthin, which increased more in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Experienced elite endurance athletes increased their daily energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake during a 3-week training camp at moderate altitude meeting most of the altitude-specific dietary recommendations. The intervention with antioxidant-rich snacks improved the composition of the athletes' diets but had minimal impact on the measured nutrition-related blood parameters.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.subjectnutritionen_US
dc.subjecthypoxiaen_US
dc.subjectdietary interventionen_US
dc.subjectcarbohydrateen_US
dc.subjectdietary assessmenten_US
dc.subjectaltitude trainingen_US
dc.subjectoxidative stressen_US
dc.titleDietary Adjustments to Altitude Training in Elite Endurance Athletes; Impact of a Randomized Clinical Trial With Antioxidant-Rich Foodsen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2020 Koivisto-Mørk, Paur, Paulsen, Garthe, Raastad, Bastani, Blomhoff and Bøhn.en_US
dc.source.pagenumber19en_US
dc.source.volume2en_US
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Sports and Active Livingen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fspor.2020.00106
dc.identifier.cristin1839180
dc.description.localcodeInstitutt for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanceen_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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