"Which stroke next? All strokes next!": Part two: Strokes for intermediate and advanced swimmers
Stallman, Robert Keig; Horneman, Ebbe L.; Vikander, Nils Olof; Mwaipasi, Alexander; Laakso, Bente W. H.; Nysted, Haakon-Paavo L.; Ongala, Toni
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Published version
![Thumbnail](/nih-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/3122965/Stallman%20IJARE%202023%20%5b2%5d.pdf.jpg?sequence=5&isAllowed=y)
View/ Open
Date
2023Metadata
Show full item recordCollections
- Artikler / Articles [2120]
- Publikasjoner fra Cristin [1108]
Original version
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education. 2023, 14(1), Artikkel 10. 10.25035/ijare.14.01.10Abstract
The primary goal of this two-part project is to answer the rhetorical question of which strokes should be taught first, and which later (Langendorfer, 2013, Stallman, 2014a). As you have seen in Part One, we emphasize (as have many others) the need for a firm foundation before any stroke is introduced. When the learner is ready for propulsive motor competencies, there is no stroke which suits all as their first. In Part One we explored the “beginning strokes” all of which are candidates for any given learner’s first stroke. We also argued that after mastering their very first stroke the learner should learn the other, “first strokes.” This also broadens the base for the learning of other strokes as the learner advances to intermediate and advanced levels. Here in Part Two, we explore additional strokes, chosen as essential because of some unique quality which makes them the best solution in some specific, potential risk situation. They should, therefore, be included in any comprehensive, proactive aquatic educational program.
Journal
International Journal of Aquatic Research and EducationCopyright
© 2023 The Author(s)Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Upper body kinematic differences between maximum front crawl and backstroke swimming
Gonjo, Tomohiro; Fernandes, Ricardo J.; Vilas-Boas, João-Paulo; Sanders, Ross (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)The purpose of this study was to investigate why front crawl is faster than backstroke from a kinematic perspective. Three-dimensional kinematics were obtained from one upper-limb cycle of ten male competitive swimmers ... -
How do swimmers control their front crawl swimming velocity?: Current knowledge and gaps from hydrodynamic perspectives
Takagi, Hideki; Nakashima, Motomu; Sengoku, Yasuo; Tsunokawa, Takaaki; Koga, Daiki; Narita, Kenzo; Kudo, Shigetada; Sanders, Ross; Gonjo, Tomohiro (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)The aim of this study was to review the literature on front crawl swimming biomechanics, focusing on propulsive and resistive forces at different swimming velocities. Recent studies show that the resistive force increases ... -
Revisiting the metaphorical concept of “No Strokes First - All Strokes First”: Part one: Beginning strokes
Stallman, Robert Keig; Mwaipasi, Alexander; Horneman, Ebbe L.; Laakso, Bente W. H.; Nysted, Haakon-Paavo L.; Vikander, Nils Olof; Ongala, Toni (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)The aim of this article is to address the familiar question “Which swimming stroke should be taught first?” The discussion is usually focused on breaststroke versus crawl. Provoked by these naïve discussions of which stroke ...